Directory

1713 CE

First Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain: Philip V is accepted by Britain and Austria as king of Spain; Spain cedes Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain. As part of the Treaty of Utrecht, the Spanish Crown agrees the Asiento de Negros with Anne, Queen of Great Britain, granting a subsidiary of the British South Sea Company, the Real Asiento de Inglaterra, a 30-year monopoly in the supply of African slaves to colonial Spanish America. As part of the agreements made at Utrecht to end the War of the Spanish Succession, Great Britain and Spain sign a treaty of commerce and navigation.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 27 – First Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain: Philip V is accepted by Britain and Austria as king of Spain; Spain cedes Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain.source
  • April 11 – The Second Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and France ends the War of the Spanish Succession. France cedes Newfoundland, Acadia, Hudson Bay and St Kitts to Great Britain.source
  • May 1 – As part of the Treaty of Utrecht, the Spanish Crown agrees the Asiento de Negros with Anne, Queen of Great Britain, granting a subsidiary of the British South Sea Company, the Real Asiento de Inglaterra, a 30-year monopoly in the supply of African slaves to colonial Spanish America.source
  • May 6 – The Parliament of Ireland is dissolved by Queen Anne and new elections are set.source
  • June 23 – French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Great Britain, or leave Nova Scotia.source
  • July 9 – The Junta de Braços (parliament) of the Principality of Catalonia votes in favour of staying in the War of the Spanish Succession against Philip V of Spain. Army of Catalonia raised.source
  • July 13 – The Treaty of Portsmouth brings an end to Queen Anne's War.source
  • August 8 – The Parliament of Great Britain, third since the Act of Union, is dissolvedsource
  • August 22 – Voting begins in the 1713 British general election in various constituencies and continues to November 12source
  • October 6 – The Treaty of Schwedt is signed between Russia and Brandenburg-Prussia, with the latter accepting the annexation of Baltic territories and paying Russia expenses in return for the southern part of Pomerania, recently taken from Sweden in the Great Northern War.source
  • November 12 – The 1713 British general election concludes with the conservative Tories winning 358 of the 558 available seats in the House of Commons, and the liberal Whigs having 200.source
  • December 9 – As part of the agreements made at Utrecht to end the War of the Spanish Succession, Great Britain and Spain sign a treaty of commerce and navigation.source
  • December 21 – Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy is crowned King of Sicily at Palermo, and his wife Anne Marie is crowned as Queen consort. The coronation follows Spain's recognition of Sicilian independence, effective September 22, as part of the Treaty of Utrecht.source
  • San Basilio de Palenque officially becomes the first free African town in America, being the first independent place in America from Europeans.source

Conflict & Security

  • January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take refuge in Fort Reading, on the Pamlico River.source
  • February 1 – Skirmish at Bender, Moldova: Charles XII of Sweden is defeated by the Ottoman Empire.source
  • February 4 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia under Colonel James Moore leaves Fort Reading, to continue the campaign against the Tuscarora.source
  • March 1 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia lays siege to the Tuscaroran stronghold of Fort Neoheroka, located a few miles up Contentnea Creek from Fort Hancock.source
  • March 20 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia launches a major offensive against Fort Neoheroka.source
  • March 23 – Tuscarora War: Fort Neoheroka falls to the Carolina militia, effectively ending the Tuscarora nation's military strength. Two Tuscaroran allies, the Machapunga and Coree tribes, continue offensive actions against North Carolina.source
  • May 2 – In the Great Northern War, a fleet of the Russian Navy, transporting 12,000 soldiers, sails from Kronstadt to attack the Swedish Army at Helsinki.source
  • May 21 – Great Northern War: The Russian fleet lands a force of 10,000 men at Pernå on the southern coast of Finland.source
  • June 1 (approx.) – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia into the Pamlico Peninsula to defeat the Machapunga and Coree tribes.source
  • September 1 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia, led by Colonel James Moore, returns to South Carolina, after mixed success in the campaign against the Machapunga and Coree tribes.source
  • October 17 – The Battle of Pälkäne is fought in what is now Finland between Russia and Sweden, with Russia's Fyodor Arpaskin forcing Finnish troops under Carl Gustaf Armfeldt to withdraw.source
  • November 6 – The Dublin election riot breaks out during the fiercely contested Irish General Election. "Police and public order in eighteenth-century Dublin", by Neal Garnham, in Two Capitals: London and Dublin, 1500–1840source
  • December 10 – The rebellion of Richard Raworth, Deputy Governor of Fort St. David (now abandoned and in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu near Cuddalore), against the British East India Company comes to an end after two months when forces sent by Bridish Madras Governor Edward Harrison to negotiate a settlement allowing Raworth to surrender in return for amnesty.source

Religion & Belief

  • April 19 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, to ensure one of his daughters will inherit the Habsburg lands.source
  • Basil Matthew II becomes Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.source

Culture & Society

  • February 25 – Frederick William I of Prussia begins his reign.source
  • April 14 – First performance, in London, of Joseph Addison's libertarian play Cato, a Tragedy, which will be influential on both sides of the Atlantic.source
  • May 13 – King Philip V of Spain issues an auto accordado that changes the order of succession for the Spanish throne allowing a female descendant within the House of Bourbon to rule. The change will allow his great-great-granddaughter to ascend the throne in 1833 as Queen Isabella II.source
  • May 17 – Ottone in villa, the first opera by composer Antonio Vivaldi, is given its initial performance, debuting at the Teatro delle Grazie in Vicenzasource
  • Ars Conjectandi, a seminal work on probability by Jacob Bernoulli, is published eight years after his death, by his nephew, Niklaus Bernoulli.source

Births

  • January 5 – Jorge Juan y Santacilia, Spanish mathematician and naval officer (d. 1773)source
  • January 13 – Charlotte Charke, British actor and writer (d. 1760)source
  • January 31 – Anthony Benezet, French-born American abolitionist and educator (d. 1784)source
  • March 5 – Edward Cornwallis, British military officer, first Governor of Nova Scotia (d. 1776)source
  • March 17 – Sir Charles Asgill, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1788)source
  • March 21 – Francis Lewis, Signatory of the US Declaration of Independence, from Wales (d. 1803)source
  • May 11 – James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth, Scottish Jacobite army officer (d. 1746)source
  • May 13 – Alexis Clairaut, French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist (d. 1765)source
  • June 3 – Robert Petre, 8th Baron Petre, British peer, renowned horticulturist (d. 1742)source
  • September 16 – Charles Lucas, Irish apothecary, physician and politician (d. 1771)source
  • October 5 – Denis Diderot, French philosopher (d. 1784)source
  • October 7 – Granville Elliott, Army General, British military expert, working for Britain and Palatine forces (d. 1759)source
  • October 8 – Yechezkel Landau, influential Polish authority on halakha (Jewish law) (d. 1793)source
  • November 24 – Laurence Sterne, Anglo-Irish novelist and Anglican cleric (d. 1768)source

Deaths

  • January 1 – Giuseppe Maria Tomasi, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1649)source
  • January 5 – Jean Chardin, French jeweler, traveler and author (b. 1643)source
  • January 8 – Arcangelo Corelli, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1653)source
  • January 20 – Pavao Ritter Vitezović, Croatian writer, historian, linguist and publisher (b. 1652)source
  • February 4 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician and philosopher (b. 1671)source
  • February 11 – Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung, Nawab of the Carnatic (b. 1657)source
  • February 28 – Samuel Whiting Jr., American clergyman 1633–1713 (b. 1633)source
  • March 17 – Juraj Jánošík, Slovak outlaw, known as the Slovak Robin Hood (executed) (b. 1688)source
  • March 26 – Paul I, Prince Esterházy, Palatine of Hungary and Prince of Holy Roman Empire (b. 1635)source
  • March 29 – Christian Thomsen Carl, Danish naval officer (b. 1676)source
  • July 11 – Joseph Stennett, English Baptist minister and hymnwriter (b. 1663)source
  • October 31 – Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, Tuscan prince (b. 1663)source
  • December 14 – Thomas Rymer, English Historiographer royal (b. 1641)source
  • December 15 – Carlo Maratta, Italian painter (b. 1625)source