Directory

1673 CE

Test Act: Roman Catholics and others who refuse to receive the sacrament of the Church of England cannot vote, hold public office, preach, teach, attend the universities or assemble for meetings in England. On June 12, the king's Catholic brother, James, Duke of York, is forced to resign the office of Lord High Admiral because of the Act. In America, trader Louis Joliet and Jesuit missionary-explorer Jacques Marquette begin exploring the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes. First Battle of Schooneveld: In a sea battle of the Third Anglo-Dutch War, fought off the Netherlands coast, the Dutch Republic fleet (commanded by Michiel de Ruyter) defeats the allied Anglo-French fleet, commanded by Prince Rupert of the Rhine.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • July 11 – The Netherlands and Denmark-Norway sign a defense treaty.source
  • August 30 – Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, Spain, Netherlands and the Lutherans form an anti-French covenant.source
  • December 19 – King Louis XIV of France issues a decree recognizing the legitimacy of (and giving royal titles to) the three children whom he had sired through his mistress, Madame de Montespan: Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine; Louis César, Count of Vexin; and Louise Françoise, Princess of Condé.source

Conflict & Security

  • June 7 – First Battle of Schooneveld: In a sea battle of the Third Anglo-Dutch War, fought off the Netherlands coast, the Dutch Republic fleet (commanded by Michiel de Ruyter) defeats the allied Anglo-French fleet, commanded by Prince Rupert of the Rhine.source
  • June 14 – Second Battle of Schooneveld: The Dutch fleet again defeats the joint Anglo-French fleet.source
  • July 6 – French troops conquer Maastricht.source
  • August 8 – In the American colonies, a Dutch battle fleet of 23 ships demands the surrender of New York.source
  • August 9 – Dutch forces under Admiral Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest recapture New York from the English; the city is known as New Orange until regained by the English in 1674.source
  • August 21 – Battle of Texel (Kijkduin): The Dutch fleet under Michiel de Ruyter defeats the English and French fleet. This prevents England's Blackheath Army from landing in Zeeland.source
  • September 12 – William, Prince of Orange occupies Naarden, Netherlands.source
  • November 13 – Dutch troops commanded by Raimondo Montecuccoli and William, Prince of Orange conquer Bonn.source
  • December 28 – In China, General Wu Sangui begins the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, a rebellion against the Qing dynasty by killing the Governor of the Yunnan province, Zhu Guozhi. Within 10 days, he leads troops on an expedition to take over the neighboring Guizhou province and by 1676 controls 11 of China's provinces.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • May 17 – In America, trader Louis Joliet and Jesuit missionary-explorer Jacques Marquette begin exploring the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes.source
  • June 17 – French explorers Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet reach the headwaters of the Mississippi River, and descend to Arkansas.source
  • France begins its expedition against Ceylon.source
  • The stalactic grotto of Antiparos (Aegean Sea) is discovered.source

Religion & Belief

  • March 29 – Test Act: Roman Catholics and others who refuse to receive the sacrament of the Church of England cannot vote, hold public office, preach, teach, attend the universities or assemble for meetings in England. On June 12, the king's Catholic brother, James, Duke of York, is forced to resign the office of Lord High Admiral because of the Act.source
  • Archpriest Petrovich Avvakum writes his Zhitie (Life), as the first Russian autobiography.source

Economy & Finance

  • The Mitsui family's trading and banking house is founded in Japan.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • October 3 – Kintai Bridge is officially completed in Iwakuni, Suō Province (modern-day Yamaguchi Prefecture), Japan.source

Health & Medicine

  • November 9 – King Charles II of England removes Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, from his position as Lord Chancellor.source
  • Chelsea Physic Garden, the second oldest botanic garden in England, is founded by the Society of Apothecaries, for the study of medicinal and other plants.source

Crime & Justice

  • January 22 – Impersonator Mary Carleton is hanged at Newgate Prison in London, for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation.source

Culture & Society

  • February 10 – Molière's comédie-ballet The Imaginary Invalid premiers in Paris. During the fourth performance, on February 17, the playwright, playing the title rôle, collapses on stage, dying soon after.source
  • April 27 – Cadmus et Hermione, the first opera written by Jean-Baptiste Lully, premières at the Paris Opera in France.source
  • July 24 – Edmund Halley enters The Queen's College, Oxford, as an undergraduate.source
  • November 14 – Christopher Wren is knighted in England.source
  • November 23 – James, Duke of York, marries Mary of Modena; they meet for the first time immediately before the ceremony in Dover.source

Births

  • January 31 – St. Louis Maria Grignion de Montfort, French missionary priest (d. 1716)source
  • April 27 – Claude Gillot, French artist (d. 1722)source
  • July 20 – John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair, Scottish soldier and diplomat (d. 1747)source
  • August 8 – John Ker, Scottish informer (d. 1726)source
  • August 10 – Johann Konrad Dippel, German alchemist (d. 1734)source
  • August 11 – Richard Mead, English physician (d. 1754)source
  • August 18 – Louise Élisabeth de Joybert, politically active Canadian governors' wife (d. 1740)source
  • October 26 – Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian linguist and scholar (d. 1723)source
  • December 30 – Ahmed III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1736)source

Deaths

  • January 22 – Mary Carleton, Englishwoman who used false identities (b. 1642)source
  • February 12, – Johann Philipp von Schönborn, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz (1647– (b. 1605)source
  • March 12 – Margaret Theresa of Spain (b. 1651)source
  • March 15 – Salvator Rosa, Italian painter and poet (b. 1615)source
  • May 14 – Sir Gerrard Napier, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1606)source
  • June 25 – Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan, French soldier (b. 1611)source
  • June 28 – Johan Schatter, Dutch member of the Haarlem schutterij (b. 1594)source
  • July 15 – Helena Fourment, Dutch model, second wife of Peter Paul Rubens (b. 1614)source
  • September 6 – Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Flemish engraver and painter (b. 1617)source
  • October 17 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English statesman (b. 1630)source
  • November 11 – Battle of Khotyn: Polish and Lithuanian military units, under the command of soon-to-be-king Jan Sobieski, defeat the Turkish army. In this battle, which takes place one day after the death of Poland and Lithuania's monarch, Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, the rockets invented by Kazimierz Siemienowicz are successfully used.source
  • December 8 – Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal dies only five days after arriving in Mexico City to take office as the new viceroy of New Spain. He is replaced on December 13 by Payo Enríquez de Rivera, the former Roman Catholic Archbishop of Mexico.source
  • December 15 – Margaret Cavendish, English writer (b. 1623)source
  • December 31 – Oliver St John, English statesman and judge (b. c. 1598)source