1524 CE
Atiquipaque, the most important city of the Xinca people, is conquered by the Spanish, resulting in a significant reduction in the Xinca population. The French city of Marseille is besieged by Holy Roman Empire forces commanded by the Charles III, Duke of Bourbon and lasts until September 26. Protestant theologians Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt dispute at Jena.
Geopolitics & Diplomacy
- September 1 – By the Treaty of Malmö signed on Sweden withdraws from the Kalmar Union with Denmark, Norway and Sweden.source
- September 23 – The Bundesbrief is adopted by the members of the Three Leagues of Switzerland (the League of God's House, the League of the Ten Jurisdictions, and the Grey League) as a common constitution.source
- November 15 – The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed between representatives of Honoré I, Lord of Monaco and of King Charles of Spain, and places Monaco under the protection of Spain.source
Conflict & Security
- February 20 – Tecun Uman, the K'iche' Maya ruler of Guatemala's highlands, is killed in a battle near Quetzaltenango between the K'iche' Maya people and the invading Spanish conquistadors led by Pedro Alvarado.source
- March 7 – Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado destroys the Kʼicheʼ kingdom of Qʼumarkaj, taking the capital, Quiché.source
- April 30 – Battle of the Sesia: Spanish forces under Charles de Lannoy defeat the French army in Italy, under William de Bonnivet. The French, now commanded by François de St. Pol, withdraw from the Italian Peninsula.source
- May 26 – Atiquipaque, the most important city of the Xinca people, is conquered by the Spanish, resulting in a significant reduction in the Xinca population.source
- June 8 – Battle of Acajutla: Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado defeats a battalion of Pipiles, in the neighborhoods of present day Acajutla, El Salvador.source
- August 20 – The French city of Marseille is besieged by Holy Roman Empire forces commanded by the Charles III, Duke of Bourbon and lasts until September 26.source
- October 28 – A French army invading Italy, under King Francis, besieges Pavia, months before the Battle of Pavia.source
- November 1 – John Fleming, 2nd Lord Fleming, Lord Chancellor of Scotland since 1517, is assassinated by John Tweedie of Drummelzier (chief of Clan Tweedie) and others.source
Exploration & Expansion
- January 17 – Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, on board La Dauphine in the service of Francis I of France, sets out from Madeira for the New World, to seek out a western sea route to the Pacific Ocean.source
- March 21 – da Verrazzano's expedition makes landfall at Cape Fear at what is later the U.S. state of North Carolina.source
- April 17 – Verrazzano's expedition makes the first European entry into New York Bay, and sights the island of Manhattan.source
- July 8 – Verrazzano's expedition returns to Dieppe.source
- September 13 – Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, Hernando de Luque and Diego de Almagro all set off on the first of three expeditions to conquer Peru, taking along 80 men and 40 horses, but the venture is halted in Colombia.source
- December 8 – Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba founds the city of Granada, Nicaragua, the oldest Hispanic city in the mainland America.source
Religion & Belief
- August 22 – Protestant theologians Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt dispute at Jena.source
- August 24 – German Peasants' War: Hans Müller von Bulgenbach gathered peasants in Stühlingen and formed the "Evangelical Brotherhood", pledging to emancipate peasants across Germany. An revolt spread in southwestern Germany.source
Culture & Society
Births
- February 10 – Albrecht Giese, German politician and diplomat (d. 1580)source
- February 17 – Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, French cardinal (d. 1574)source
- May 28 – Selim II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1574)source
- June 24 – Johann Stössel, German theologian (d. 1576)source
- August 23 – François Hotman, French Protestant lawyer and writer (d. 1590)source
- September 7 – Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (d. 1583)source
- September 11 – Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (d. 1585)source
- October 4 – Francisco Vallés, Spanish physician (d. 1592)source
- October 5 – Rani Durgavati, Queen of Gond (d. 1564)source
- October 9 – Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1586)source
- October 14 – Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Danish princess (d. 1586)source
- October 16 – Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur, French Catholic bishop (d. 1577)source
- November 12 – Diego de Landa, Bishop of the Yucatán (d. 1579)source
- Luís de Camões, Portuguese poet (d. 1580)source
Deaths
- January 5 – Marko Marulić, Croatian poet (b. 1450)source
- February 11 – Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Milan, daughter of King Alfonso II of Naples (b. 1470)source
- February 20 – Tecun Uman, Kʼicheʼ Mayan ruler (b. c. 1500)source
- April 14 – William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers, English baron (b. 1468)source
- April 30 – Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard, French soldier (b. 1473)source
- May 21 – Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English soldier and statesman (b. 1443)source
- May 23 – Ismail I, Safavid dynasty Shah of Persia (b. 1487)source
- May 23 – Tahmasp I becomes the ruler of the Safavid Empire, following the death of his father, Shah Ismail I.source
- May 31 – Camilla Battista da Varano, Italian Roman Catholic nun and saint (b. 1458)source
- July 20 – Claude of France, queen consort of Francis I of France (b. 1499)source
- August 24 – Sir William Scott, English Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1459)source
- September 5 – Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama arrives on the island of Goa to become the new Viceroy of Portuguese India but dies three months later.source
- October 20 – Thomas Linacre, English humanist and physician (b. 1460)source
- November 12 – Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca, Spanish archbishop and courtier (b. 1451)source