Directory

1519 CE

The Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his conquistadores depart from Cuba toward the island of Cozumel in Mexico to begin a mission of conquest. King Charles of Spain issues a royal order prohibiting navigator Rui Faleiro from participating in the Magellan expedition, after Portugal's ambassador to Spain reports that Faleiro is suffering from a nervous breakdown. Hernán Cortés and his men, accompanied by 3,000 Tlaxcalans, enter Cholula.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • February 18 – Because of the large population of Jews included converts to Christianity ("New Christians") in the colony of Portuguese India at Goa, King Manuel I of Portugal announces that there will be no further appointment of New Christians to government offices, but affirms that those already in office are not to be dismissedsource
  • August 15 – Panama City is founded by Spanish conquistador Pedro Arias Dávila.source

Conflict & Security

  • July 10 – The Prince of Ning rebellion begins, after Zhu Chenhao declares the Ming dynasty's Zhengde Emperor a usurper, and leads his army north in an attempt to capture Nanjing.source
  • August 20 – Ming Dynasty Chinese philosopher and general Wang Yangming, governor of Jiangxi, defeats Zhu Chenhao, ending the Prince of Ning rebellion. Wang has expressed the intention of using fo–lang–ji cannons in suppressing the rebellion, probably the earliest reference in China to the breech-loading Frankish culverin.source
  • October 12 – Hernán Cortés and his men, accompanied by 3,000 Tlaxcalans, enter Cholula.source
  • November 8 – Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire, and appears at the court of Aztec ruler Moctezuma II.source
  • December 11 – At Toruń, the members of the Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland vote to approve a war against the Teutonic Knights and to assess new taxes to recruit mercenary troops.source
  • The Mexican Indian Wars begin.source
  • The first civil revolt in Anatolia takes place, led by Alevi preacher Celâl.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • February 10 – The Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his conquistadores depart from Cuba toward the island of Cozumel in Mexico to begin a mission of conquest.source
  • April 21 (Maundy Thursday) – Hernán Cortés reaches San Juan de Ulúa, and sets foot the next day (Good Friday) on the beach of modern-day Veracruz.source
  • July 26 – King Charles of Spain issues a royal order prohibiting navigator Rui Faleiro from participating in the Magellan expedition, after Portugal's ambassador to Spain reports that Faleiro is suffering from a nervous breakdown.source
  • August 10 – The Magellan expedition departs from Seville in Spain.source
  • September 20 – Ferdinand Magellan departs from Spain with a fleet of five ships and a crew of 270 men, to sail westbound to the Spice Islands.source
  • December 6 – The Magellan expedition reaches the South American coast.source
  • Spanish conquistador and founder of Panama City, Gaspar de Espinosa, sails up the Pacific coast from Panama to Nicaragua, landing at the Gulf of Nicoya.source
  • Havana moves from the southern to the northern part of Cuba.source

Religion & Belief

  • January 1 – Ulrich Zwingli preaches for the first time, as people's priest of the Great Minister in Zurich.source
  • June 28 – King Carlos I of Spain is elected as the new Holy Roman Emperor and takes the regnal name of Charles V. He will reign until 1556).source
  • July 4 – Martin Luther joins the debate regarding papal authority, against Johann Eck at Leipzig.source

Science & Discovery

  • March 4 – Hernán Cortés and his conquistadores land in Mexico.source

Health & Medicine

  • Central Mexico Amerindians' population reaches 25.3 million.source
  • A large pandemic spreads from the Greater Antilles into Central America, and perhaps as far as Peru in South America. This widespread epidemic kills off much of the indigenous populations in these areas (the first widely documented epidemic in the New World).source

Crime & Justice

  • The first recorded fatal accident involving a gun in England is recorded at Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire.source

Culture & Society

  • June 27 – The Leipzig Debate begins at the Pleissenburg lecture hall in the German city of Leipzig in Saxony, as Martin Luther defends his ideas on the Protestant Reformation against challenges by Johann Eck, the German leader of the anti-Reformation movement. While there, he is challenged to a theological debate by Johann Eck, the German leader of the anti-Reformation movement. The debate lasts until July 15 and gains new followers to Luther's theology.source
  • St. Olaf's Church, Tallinn is completed in Estonia.source

Births

  • January 1 – Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas, Spanish colonial administrator (d. 1593)source
  • January 18 – Isabella Jagiellon, queen consort of Hungary (d. 1559)source
  • February 15 – Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, first Spanish Governor of Florida (d. 1574)source
  • February 19 – Froben Christoph of Zimmern, author of the Zimmern Chronicle (d. 1566)source
  • March 4 – Hindal Mirza, Mughal Emperor (d. 1551)source
  • March 22 – Catherine Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, English noblewoman (d. 1580)source
  • June 6 – Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (d. 1603)source
  • June 15 – Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, illegitimate son of King Henry VIII of England (d. 1536)source
  • June 23 – Johannes Goropius Becanus, Dutch physician, linguist and humanist (d. 1572)source
  • June 24 – Theodore Beza, French theologian (d. 1605)source
  • July 20 – Pope Innocent IX (d. 1591)source
  • September 23 – Francis, Count of Enghien, French military leader (d. 1546)source
  • October 14 – Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Princess of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and by marriage Electress Palatine (d. 1567)source
  • November 22 – Johannes Crato von Krafftheim, German humanist and physician (d. 1585)source

Deaths

  • January 12 – Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Spanish explorer (b. 1475)source
  • February 6 – Lorenz von Bibra, Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Würzburg (b. 1459)source
  • March 29 – Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (b. 1466)source
  • April 15 – Henry, Count of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1473–1482) (b. 1448)source
  • April 18 – Sibylle of Bavaria, Electress Palatine consort (b. 1489)source
  • May 4 – Giulio de' Medici, who will later become Pope Clement VII becomes the Duke of the Florentine Republic upon the death of his father, Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino.source
  • May 4 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino (b. 1492)source
  • May 13 – Artus Gouffier, Lord of Boissy, French nobleman and politician (b. 1475)source
  • June 2 – Philippe de Luxembourg, French Catholic cardinal (b. 1445)source
  • June 24 – Lucrezia Borgia, Duchess of Ferrara (b. 1480)source
  • July 13 – Zhu Youyuan, Ming dynasty politician (b. 1476)source
  • August 11 – Johann Tetzel, German opponent of the Reformation (b. 1465)source
  • August 23 – Philibert Berthelier, Swiss patriot (b. c. 1465)source
  • September – John Colet, English churchman and educator (b. 1467)source