1416 CE
At the Battle of Gallipoli, Venetian admiral Pietro Loredan destroys the Ottoman fleet. The Catholic Church burns Jerome of Prague for heresy at the Council of Constance. Henry Chichele, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of All England, begins the first of his semiannual inquisitions, directing the archdeacons to seek out heretics and bring them to trial.
Geopolitics & Diplomacy
- January 21 – King Henry V summons the English Parliament to meet on March 16.source
- January 27 – The Republic of Ragusa is the first state in Europe to outlaw slavery.source
- February 9 – Sigismund, King of Germany, creates the independent Duchy of Savoy with Count Amadeus the Peaceful becoming the first Duke of Savoy and taking the regnal title Amadeus VIII.source
- March 1 – Sigismund arrives in Paris to reach an agreement with the French government, but is unable to because of difficulty in reaching a conclusion satisfactory to both its Orleanist and Burgundian factions.source
- July 16 – Following the Venetian Navy triumph over the Ottomans at Gallipoli, Dolfino Venier, the Republic of Venice's ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, reaches an agreement with the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I to begin discussing a treaty.source
- August 15 – Sigismund, King of Germany, and King Henry V of England conclude the Treaty of Canterbury, an alliance of the two nations against France.source
- September 3 – King Henry V summons the English Parliament for the third time in less than a year, directing the MPs to assemble on October 19.source
- October 19 – The English Parliament is opened by King Henry V. The House of Commons elects Roger Flower as its Speaker.source
Conflict & Security
- March 11 – Hundred Years' War, Lancastrian phase: The Battle of Valmont takes place in the neighboring towns of Valmont and Harfleur, as Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter and his English Army troops inflict heavy casualties on a larger group of French soldiers commanded by Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac.source
- May 29 – At the Battle of Gallipoli, Venetian admiral Pietro Loredan destroys the Ottoman fleet.source
- June 2 – The Truce of Harfleur between England and France comes to an end after 27 days, and a French siege of Harfleur begins again on June 5.source
- June 20 – Raoul de Gaucourt and Regnault de Chartres, held prisoners of war in England since being captured during the siege of Harfleur, are paroled in order to serve as England's emissaries to begin discussions of a truce with King Charles VI of France.source
- July 12 – The Battle of Sant'Egidio is fought in Italy: soldier of fortune Braccio da Montone, Prince of Capua, conquers Umbria and its capital, Perugia.source
- August 15 – Harfleur relieved, following a naval battle in the estuary of the Seine.source
- November 8 – Admiral Pietro Loredan is hailed as a hero upon his return to Venice after the Battle of Gallipoli.source
- December 16 (26 Shawwal 819 AH) – Hasan ibn Ajlan, the Vice Sultan of the Hejaz, becomes the Emir of Mecca again upon the surrender of Rumaythah ibn Muhammad, who usurped the Emirate in February.source
- December 30 (10 Dhu al-Qadah 819 AH) – Hamsa Bhat, the Vizier for Ali Shah, the Sultan of Kashmir, is assassinated and Zayn al-Abidin is appointed to replace him.source
Exploration & Expansion
Religion & Belief
- May 30 – The Catholic Church burns Jerome of Prague for heresy at the Council of Constance.source
- July 1 – Henry Chichele, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of All England, begins the first of his semiannual inquisitions, directing the archdeacons to seek out heretics and bring them to trial.source
- December 2 – Through the Council of Constance and diplomatic treaties during late 1416, Sigismund, King of Germany unifies the fractured Catholic Church and isolates the Bohemian reformers, providing him with the necessary authority to later initiate the Hussite Wars against Jan Žižka.source
- The Hussite Bible is completed by Tamás Pécsi and Bálint Újlaki.source
Technology & Infrastructure
- The Trezzo sull'Adda Bridge (the longest arch bridge in the world at this time) is destroyed.source
Crime & Justice
Culture & Society
- May 3 – Unable to reach an agreement with France, King Sigismund of Germany travels to London, where he is welcomed by King Henry V of England.source
- November 19 – At Nanjing, China's Emperor Cheng Zu bestows gifts at a grand ceremony to princes, civil officials, military officers, and the ambassadors of 18 countries.source
Births
- February 26 – Christopher of Bavaria (d. 1448)source
- March 27 – Antonio Squarcialupi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1480)source
- March 28 – Jodha of Mandore, Ruler of Marwar (d. 1489)source
- May 25 – Jakobus, nobleman from Lichtenberg in the northern part of Alsace (d. 1480)source
- October 26 – Edmund Grey, 1st Earl of Kent (d. 1490)source
- Pal Engjëlli, Albanian Catholic clergyman (d. 1470)source
- probable – Jacquetta of Luxembourg, English duchess and countess (d. 1472)source
- Francis of Paola, founder of the Order of the Minims (d. 1507)source
- Benedetto Cotrugli, Ragusan/Croatian merchant, economist, scientist, diplomat and humanist (d. 1469)source
- Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (d. 1469)source
Deaths
- February 2 – Racek Kobyla of Dvorce, Bohemian Hetman and Burgrave.source
- February 27 – Eleanor of Castile, queen consort of Navarre (b. c. 1363)source
- April 2 – King Ferdinand I of Aragon (b. 1379)source
- April 2 – Alfonso V becomes the new King of Aragon and the new King of Sicily upon the death of his father, King Ferdinand I of Aragon.source
- May 21 – Anna of Celje, queen consort of Poland (b. c. 1381)source
- May 30 – Jerome of Prague, Czech theologian (executed) (b. 1379)source
- June 15 – John, Duke of Berry, son of John II of France (b. 1340)source
- September 4 – John I, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German countsource
- October 1 – Yaqub Spata, lord of Artasource
- October 14 – Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburgsource
- December 29 – Mathew Swetenham, bowbearer of Henry IVsource
- Julian of Norwich, English anchoress, mystic and authorsource
- Owain Glyndŵr, Welsh prince and leader of the Welsh Revoltsource
- date unknown – The Limbourg brothers, painters of the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry.source