Directory

1325 CE

The Istrian Demarcation, setting out the boundaries of disputed Italian territories in the Adriatic Sea peninsula of Istria (part of the modern-day Republic of Croatia), and confirms the agreement between the independent Italian states of Aquileia, Gorizia, and the Venetian Republic. The document is published in three languages (Latin, German and Croatian). At Stuttgart in Germany, Ulrich III becomes the new Count of Württemberg upon the death of his father, Eberhard I. (26 Rajab 725 AH) Sultan Ismail I is murdered in his palace, the Alhambra, after an 9-year reign. The attackers are captured and beheaded. Ismail is succeeded by his 10-year-old son Muhammad IV, who becomes the new ruler of the Emirate of Granada. Vizier Muhammad ibn al-Mahruq, serving as wakil (or regent), quarrels for control of the young sultan's government.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 13 – The Treaty of Trausnitz is signed between the Duchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Bavaria. Austria's ruler, Frederick the Fair, is released from Trausnitz Castle, where he has been imprisoned for two and a half years by Ludwig the Bavarian, King of Germany, since his defeat in the Battle of Mühldorf in 1322.source
  • August 11 – At Valladolid, Alfonso XI reaches the age of 14 and is proclaimed by the Cortes to have full power as the King of Castile.source
  • October 10 – King Edward II calls for representatives of the three estates (including the knights representative) to meet at Westminster for a session of the English Parliament, beginning on November 18 to discuss the matter of the failure of his wife, Queen Isabella, to return from France.source

Conflict & Security

  • March 9 – Queen Isabella of England, wife of King Edward II of England and sister of King Charles IV of France, departs from England on a mission to Paris to mediate an end to the war between the two kingdoms. She is directed to return to England by midsummer.source
  • May 24 – In Germany, Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg cedes the territories of Prignitz and the Uckermark to the Margraviate of Brandenburg in an unfavorable peace treaty signed at Daber (modern-day Dobra Nowogardzka in Poland).source
  • June 22 – Ismail, Sultan of Granada, begins the siege of Martos in the Spanish Kingdom of Castile, but loses control of his troops, who pillage the city after two weeks.source
  • August 7 – Battle of Varey: The 16-year-old Guigues VIII, local ruler (dauphin) of Vienne, defeats the Savoyard forces at Saint-Jean-le-Vieux. During the battle, a Burgundian cavalry charge is repulsed and is forced back to the Savoyard camp. With the assistance of the Varey garrison, Guigues pillages the camp and takes John I, Count of Auxerre, prisoner.source
  • November 15 – War of the Bucket: At the Battle of Zappolino in northern Italy, the 7,000-man Ghibelline forces backed by the Holy Roman Empire defeat the much stronger (32,000-men) Guelph army under sent by Pope John XXII near Bologna. After the battle, Ghibelline influence in the region is consolidated.source
  • November 21 – Yuri III Danilovich, Grand Duke of Moscow, is assassinated by Dmitry of Tver, Grand Duke of Vladimir, nicknamed "the Terrible Eyes". Yuri's younger brother, Iván I Danilovich Kalitá, the Grand Duke of Vladimir, inherits Yuri's throne and relocates the spiritual capital of the Russian people to Moscow by directing the Metropolitan Peter to move his episcopal see from Kiev. The decision of both Ivan and Peter to relocate gradually makes Moscow the political center of Russia.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • March 13 – (approximate date) – Tenochtitlan, the predecessor of Mexico City, is founded by the Mexica, led by Tenoch, on an island in Lake Texcoco.source

Religion & Belief

  • May 10 – Pope John XXII issues a papal bull to King Robert of Naples and to Charles, Duke of Calabria demanding the imprisonment of the Fraticelli in Naples and their leader, Fra Enrico da Ceva. The demand, and several subsequent admonitions, is ignored by Robert and Charles.source
  • May 20 – Led by Michael of Cesena, the Michaelites, a French branch of the Spiritual Franciscans who have been accused of heresy within the Roman Catholic Church in a disagreement over the issue of a vow of poverty, assemble at Lyon in France and agree to make peace with the Church and to make no further disrespectful references to Pope John XXII.source
  • September 12 – Edward II is persuaded not to go to France by Hugh Despenser the Elder, his chief adviser. He decides to send his 12-year-old son, Prince Edward of Windsor, to go to Paris and to pay homage instead. Before the young Edward departs, he is bestowed with the title of Count of Ponthieu. Charles IV gives his consent for him to receive the English Aquitaine.source
  • October 18 – King Edward II sends a letter to Pope John XXII (who is in Avignon in France), expressing deep concern for Queen Isabella's failure to return home from Paris.source

Crime & Justice

  • February 1 – Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq is murdered after a 5-year reign at Kara-Manikpur. He is succeeded by his son Muhammad bin Tughluq (Juna Khan) as ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.source
  • April 20 – Elizabeth de Comyn, daughter of the late Guardian of Scotland, John Comyn III of Badenoch, is forced to sign away her title to her properties in England at Painswick and at Goodrich Castle to Hugh Despenser the Elder after being kidnapped in 1324 and imprisoned in England at Pirbright.source
  • July 8 – (26 Rajab 725 AH) Sultan Ismail I is murdered in his palace, the Alhambra, after an 9-year reign. The attackers are captured and beheaded. Ismail is succeeded by his 10-year-old son Muhammad IV, who becomes the new ruler of the Emirate of Granada. Vizier Muhammad ibn al-Mahruq, serving as wakil (or regent), quarrels for control of the young sultan's government.source

Culture & Society

  • May 5 – The Istrian Demarcation, setting out the boundaries of disputed Italian territories in the Adriatic Sea peninsula of Istria (part of the modern-day Republic of Croatia), and confirms the agreement between the independent Italian states of Aquileia, Gorizia, and the Venetian Republic. The document is published in three languages (Latin, German and Croatian).source
  • September 21 – Isabella of France conspires with the exiled Roger Mortimer to have Edward II deposed. To build up diplomatic and military support, Isabella has Edward of Windsor engaged to the 12-year-old Philippa of Hainault. She is the daughter of Count William the Good of Hainaut, who is married to Joan of Valois, granddaughter of the late King Philip III of France.source
  • September 24 – Edward, Prince of Wales pays homage to King Charles IV of France on behalf of his father, King Edward II of England.source
  • December 1 – King Edward II of England makes one final attempt to save his marriage to Queen Isabella, and sends her a letter ordering her to return from France to England immediately, writing that "Oftentimes have we informed you, both before an after the homage, of our great desire to have you with us, and of our grief of heart at your long absence," and adds that he is aware of her affair with Roger Mortimer and that "ceasing from all pretenses, delays and excuses, you come to us with all the haste you can." She declines to come back.source

Births

  • May 12 – Rupert II, German nobleman and count palatine (d. 1398)source
  • September 29 – Francesco I da Carrara, Italian nobleman (d. 1393)source
  • Gidō Shūshin, Japanese monk and spiritual teacher (d. 1388)source
  • Ch'oe Mu-sŏn, Korean scientist and military leader (d. 1395)source
  • Henry of Langenstein, German theologian and writer (d. 1397)source
  • Johanna I, Italian queen-regnant (House of Anjou) (d. 1382)source
  • Gerhard VI, German nobleman (House of Jülich) (d. 1360)source
  • Yongsan, Korean nobleman, prince and heir apparent (d. 1341)source
  • Antonio Pavoni, Italian priest and inquisitor-general (d. 1374)source
  • Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi, Persian scholar, jurist and writer (d. 1403)source
  • Abraham Cresques, Majorcan Jewish cartographer (d. 1387)source
  • Robert Hales, English Lord Treasurer and admiral (d. 1381)source
  • Inês de Castro, Galician noblewoman and mistress (d. 1355)source
  • Eleanor of Sicily, Sicilian noblewoman and queen (d. 1375)source

Deaths

  • January 7 – Afonso IV becomes the new King of Portugal upon the death of his father, King Denis I.source
  • March 12 – At the age of 11, Valdemar III becomes the new ruler of the Duchy of Schleswig upon the death of his father, Eric II, Duke of Schleswig.source
  • March 12 – Eric II, German nobleman (House of Estridsen) (b. 1290)source
  • March 20 – William Ferrers, English nobleman and knight (b. 1272)source
  • April 3 – Nizamuddin Auliya, Indian scholar (b. 1238)source
  • April 5 – Ralph de Monthermer, English nobleman and peeragesource
  • June 5 – Eberhard the Illustrious, Count of Württemberg, German nobleman (b. 1265)source
  • June 5 – At Stuttgart in Germany, Ulrich III becomes the new Count of Württemberg upon the death of his father, Eberhard I.source
  • July 6 – John Salmon, English cleric, Lord Chancellor and bishopsource
  • July 8 – Ismail I, Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada (b. 1279)source
  • September 29 – Keizan Jōkin, Japanese Zen Master (b. 1268)source
  • November 21 – Yuri III Danilovich, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1281)source
  • December 16 – Charles, Count of Valois, uncle of King Charles IV of France and heir apparent to the throne, dies at the age of 55 at Nogent-le-Roi, leaving his son Philip as heir to the throne.source
  • December 28 – Al-Allama al-Hilli, Persian theologian (b. 1250)source