Directory

1286 CE

The 17-year-old Philip IV (the Fair) is crowned king of France at Reims. He settles the Aragonese conflict, and intensifies his predecessors' efforts to reform and rationalize the administration of the realm. Philip persists in reforms, which strengthen the monarchy's position in Europe. The gabelle – a tax on salt in the form of a state monopoly – will become immensely unpopular and grossly unequal, but persist until 1790. King Edward I (Longshanks) and Queen Eleanor of Castile travel to France. There they pay homage to Philip IV (the Fair) and attend to other matters. Edward travels around in the duchy of Gascony and orders the rebuilding of fortifications in the region (between 1286 and 1289). Henry II is crowned king of Jerusalem at Tyre. After the ceremony, he returns to Acre for the festivities. A few weeks later, Henry returns to Cyprus and appoints his uncle Philip of Ibelin as regent (bailiff).

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • The Guelph Republic of Siena allows exiled Ghibelline rebels back into the city.source

Conflict & Security

  • June 4 – The 15-year-old Henry II sails from Cyprus and lands in Acre, but is refused entry into the citadel. There, he stays for six weeks in the palace to negotiate an agreement to take over the city from the Angevins.source
  • Abu Hafs Umar I, ruler of the Hafsid Sultanate, takes control of Béjaïa and becomes a rival of the main Hafsid entity based in Tunis.source
  • In the Lao kingdom of Muang Sua, King Panya Leng is overthrown in a coup d'état led by his son, Prince Panya Khamphong, which is likely to have been supported by the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty in China.source
  • Old Prussians resettle in Samland and start an uprising against Teutonic rule (supported by the Principality of Rügen). The Prussians are defeated by the Teutonic Knights and forced to submit.source
  • The War of the Donkey is fought between the rival noble families of the Ghisi and the Sanudo, in the Duchy of the Archipelago in the Aegean Sea.source
  • Kublai Khan makes plans for a final Mongol invasion of Japan, but aborts the preparations due to a lack of necessary resources.source

Religion & Belief

  • March 7 – The Catholicon, a religious Latin dictionary, is completed by John of Genoa.source

Culture & Society

  • January 6 – The 17-year-old Philip IV (the Fair) is crowned king of France at Reims. He settles the Aragonese conflict, and intensifies his predecessors' efforts to reform and rationalize the administration of the realm. Philip persists in reforms, which strengthen the monarchy's position in Europe. The gabelle – a tax on salt in the form of a state monopoly – will become immensely unpopular and grossly unequal, but persist until 1790.source
  • June – King Edward I (Longshanks) and Queen Eleanor of Castile travel to France. There they pay homage to Philip IV (the Fair) and attend to other matters. Edward travels around in the duchy of Gascony and orders the rebuilding of fortifications in the region (between 1286 and 1289).source
  • August 15 – Henry II is crowned king of Jerusalem at Tyre. After the ceremony, he returns to Acre for the festivities. A few weeks later, Henry returns to Cyprus and appoints his uncle Philip of Ibelin as regent (bailiff).source

Births

  • February 2 – Joan de Geneville, English noblewoman (d. 1356)source
  • March 8 – John III (the Good), English nobleman (d. 1341)source
  • June 30 – John de Warenne, English nobleman (d. 1347)source
  • September 4 – John de Mowbray, English nobleman (d. 1322)source
  • September 28 – Shōshi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1348)source
  • Alfonso de Castilla, Spanish nobleman and prince (d. 1291)source
  • Kalonymus ben Kalonymus, French-Jewish philosopher (d. 1328)source
  • Marco Cornaro, doge of Venice (House of Cornaro) (d. 1368)source
  • Odoric of Pordenone, Italian priest and missionary (d. 1331)source
  • John de Burgh, Irish nobleman and heir apparent (d. 1313)source
  • Hōjō Mototoki, Japanese nobleman and regent (d. 1333)source
  • Guy of Ibelin, Outremer nobleman and seneschal (d. 1308)source
  • Hugh Despenser (the Younger), English nobleman (d. 1326)source
  • Juana Núñez (Lady of Lara), Spanish noblewoman (d. 1351)source

Deaths

  • January 4 – Anna Komnene Doukaina, princess of Achaeasource
  • January 5 – Zhenjin (or Chingkim), Mongol prince (b. 1243)source
  • March 2 – Fujiwara no Ariko, Japanese empress (b. 1207)source
  • March 19 (or 18) – Alexander III, king of Scotland (b. 1241)source
  • March 19 – King Alexander III dies in a fall from his horse at Kinghorn in Fife, leaving Queen Yolande of Dreux's unborn child and the 3-year-old Margaret (Maid of Norway) as heirs to the throne. After Alexander's death, Scotland is governed by the nobility and clergy, known collectively as the Guardians of Scotland. This sets the stage for the First War of Scottish Independence.source
  • April 20 – Buluqhan Khatun (or Bulugan), Mongol princesssource
  • June 16 – Hugh de Balsham, English sub-prior and bishopsource
  • July 5 (or 4) – Hartmann V, German nobleman and bishopsource
  • July 30 – Bar Hebraeus, Syrian scholar and bishop (b. 1226)source
  • September 22 – Mugaku Sogen, Chinese adviser (b. 1226)source
  • October 3 – Fujiwara no Tameuji, Japanese poet (b. 1222)source
  • October 8 – John I (the Red), English nobleman and knightsource
  • November 22 – Eric V (Klipping), king of Denmark (b. 1249)source
  • December 15 – William de Warenne, English knight (b. 1256)source