Directory

1274 CE

In Florence, the 9-year-old Dante first sees the 8-year-old Beatrice, his lifelong muse. She appears later as one of his guides in the Divine Comedy, Paradiso and Purgatorio. Walter de Merton, English chancellor and regent, retires from royal service, in favour of Robert Burnell, who becomes a strong ally of the Edwardian regime. Pope Gregory X decrees that conclaves (gatherings of the College of Cardinals where the elections of a bishop of Rome are convened) should be used for papal elections, reforming the electoral process which had taken over 3 years to elect him.

Conflict & Security

  • September 21 – Walter de Merton, English chancellor and regent, retires from royal service, in favour of Robert Burnell, who becomes a strong ally of the Edwardian regime.source
  • Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq, Marinid ruler, enters peacefully into Ceuta, putting an end to some 40 years of the city's independence.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • Nichiren, Japanese priest and philosopher, enters exile on Mount Minobu. He leads a widespread movement of followers in Kantō and Sado mainly through his prolific letter-writing.source

Religion & Belief

  • August 2 – Edward I of England finally returns from the Holy Land to be crowned king of England on August 19 at Westminster Abbey two years after his father King Henry III's death.source
  • Gregory X obtains the region of Romagna from Rudolf I, in exchange for acknowledging him as Holy Roman Emperor. With this important acquisition, the Papal States become the second-largest power block in Italy after the Kingdom of Sicily.source
  • Pope Gregory X decrees that conclaves (gatherings of the College of Cardinals where the elections of a bishop of Rome are convened) should be used for papal elections, reforming the electoral process which had taken over 3 years to elect him.source
  • Bonvesin da la Riva, Italian poet, writes the didactic-allegoric poem Liber di Tre Scricciur ("Book of the Three Scriptures"). The text is in the Western Lombard language (similar to other Gallo-Italic languages). The poem is one of the first great literary works in Italy. It tells about Hell, the Passion of Jesus and Paradise; the plot later prefigures Dante Alighieri in his Divine Comedy (Divina Commedia).source

Culture & Society

  • May 1 – In Florence, the 9-year-old Dante first sees the 8-year-old Beatrice, his lifelong muse. She appears later as one of his guides in the Divine Comedy, Paradiso and Purgatorio.source
  • The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow-up to the Domesday Book (completed in 1086), is begun; it lasts until 1275.source

Births

  • February 9 – Louis of Toulouse, French archbishop (d. 1297)source
  • April 1 – Robert Clifford, English nobleman and knight (d. 1314)source
  • July 11 – Robert the Bruce, king of Scotland (d. 1329)source
  • July 25 – John Beauchamp, English nobleman (d. 1336)source
  • October 4 – Rudolf I, German nobleman (d. 1319)source
  • October 5 – Al-Dhahabi, Syrian scholar and encyclopedist (d. 1348)source
  • November 24 – Catherine I, Latin empress (d. 1307)source
  • Sancho I ("the Peaceful"), king of Majorca (d. 1324)source
  • Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi, Indian Sufi poet (d. 1337)source
  • Ibn al-Jayyab, Andalusian scholar and poet (d. 1349)source
  • Seisetsu Shōchō, Chinese Buddhist missionary (d. 1339)source
  • Eric VI, king of Denmark (House of Estridsen) (d. 1319)source
  • Marino Faliero (or Falier), doge of Venice (d. 1355)source
  • Awhadi Maraghai, Persian poet and mystic (d. 1338)source

Deaths

  • February 19 – Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Afghan Sufi poet (b. 1177)source
  • February 21 – Ibn Malik, Moorish grammarian and writer (b. 1205)source
  • March 7 – Thomas Aquinas, Italian friar and theologian (b. 1225)source
  • April 26 – Heinrich von Wartenberg, Swiss nobleman and abbotsource
  • June 26 – Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian scientist and writer (b. 1201)source
  • July 15 – Bonaventure, Italian theologian and philosopher (b. 1221)source
  • July 22 – Henry I (or Henry III), king of Navarre (House of Blois)source
  • July 23 – Wonjong of Goryeo, Korean prince and ruler (b. 1219)source
  • August 4 – Robert Stitchill (or Stichel), English prior and bishopsource
  • August 12 – Duzong (or Zhao Qi), Chinese emperor (b. 1240)source
  • September 2 – Munetaka, Japanese prince and shogun (b. 1242)source
  • September 26–29 – Henry I Kőszegi ("the Great"), Hungarian nobleman (b. 1210)source
  • October 14 – Henry, English prince and son of Edward I (b. 1268)source
  • November 28 – Philip of Castile, son of Ferdinand III (b. 1231)source