Directory

1225 CE

Gerold of Lausanne, French bishop of Valence, becomes the new Latin patriarch of Jerusalem (until 1239). Pope Honorius III issues the bull Vineae Domini custodes in which he approves the mission of two friars to Morocco. The bull is reissued in October when Honorius III exhorts the Dominican and Franciscan order to participate in that mission. Lý Chiêu Hoàng, the only empress regnant in the history of Vietnam, marries Trần Thái Tông, making him the first ruler of the Trần dynasty.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • February 11 – The Charter of the Forest is restored to its traditional rights by King Henry III. 'Free men' are allowed to find pasture for their pigs, collect firewood, graze animals, or cut turf for fuel. At this time, however, only about 10 percent of the population is 'free', the rest are locked into service to a local landowner, some of them little more than slaves.source
  • The Teutonic Knights are expelled from Transylvania by King Andrew II, because they wanted to separate from Hungary.source

Conflict & Security

  • May 30 – King Louis VII of France meets in Péronne with a hermit who claims to be Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders and the Latin Emperor of Constantinople, who had not been seen in public since being taken a prisoner in Bulgaria. Concluding that the hermit is an impostor, King Louis gives the man three days to leave France, and the "false Baldwin" instead leads a rebellion, eventually losing and being executed.source
  • July 25 – Jalal al-Din Mangburni dethrones Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek, ruler (atabeg) of the Eldiguzids, and sets himself up in the capital of Tabriz (modern Iran).source
  • November 17 – After being taken prisoner of war at the Battle of Mölln in January, the Danish governor Albrecht signs the Peace of Bardowick in order to obtain his freedom, ceding Holstein to Adolf of Schauenberg, in addition to releasing King Valdemar II of Denmark and his son Valdemar the Younger, who both had been kidnapped in 1223 and held as prisoners.source
  • Summer – Battle of Garni: Khwarezmid forces led by Jalal al-Din Mangburni defeat the Georgian army (some 70,000 men) at Garni. The royal court of Queen Rusudan moves to Kutaisi, while the Georgian capital Tbilisi is besieged by the Khwarezmians.source
  • Autumn – Subutai is assigned a new campaign by Genghis Khan against the Tanguts. He crosses the Gobi Desert with a Mongol army and advances south into the Western Xia (or Xi Xia). Meanwhile, Genghis, in his mid-sixties, becomes wounded during hunting. His injury – a dislocated shoulder, perhaps, or a bruised rib – forces him to take some rest.source
  • Iltutmish, Ghurid ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, repels a Mongol attack and invades Bengal. His rival, Ghiyasuddin, leads an army to halt Iltutmish's advance, but decides to avoid a conflict by paying him tribute and accepting his suzerainty.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • March 23 – Prince Richard of Cornwall, brother of King Henry III of England, and his uncle William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury, depart England on with 77 warriors on an expedition to fight in Aquitaine in France, and soon land at Bordeaux, then on to capture La Rochelle. As the expedition progresses, Richard's expedition captures La Réole and Bergerac by November.source

Religion & Belief

  • February 11 – The Magna Carta is reaffirmed (for the third time) by Henry III, in return for issuing a property tax. It becomes the definitive version of the text.source
  • March 3 – As the envoy of Pope Honorius III, Romanus, Cardinal-deacon of San Angelo, leaves Rome to travel to France to the court of King Louis XIII.source
  • April 15 – Pope Honorius III issues the papal bull Magistro Andree canonico Palentino, granting the Andree, a former Jew who converted to Christianity, the title of canon of Palencia, with full eccleastical dignities.source
  • May 10 – Gerold of Lausanne, French bishop of Valence, becomes the new Latin patriarch of Jerusalem (until 1239).source
  • May 15 – Pope Honorius exhorts Hungarian Catholics to launch the Bosnian Crusade against the autonomous Bosnian Church Christians.source
  • June 10 – Pope Honorius III issues the bull Vineae Domini custodes in which he approves the mission of two friars to Morocco. The bull is reissued in October when Honorius III exhorts the Dominican and Franciscan order to participate in that mission.source
  • July 25 – Emperor Frederick II takes an oath at San Germano (near Cassino) and promises to depart on a Crusade (the Sixth Crusade), for the Near East in August 1227. He sends 1000 knights to the Levant and provides Rome with 100,000 ounces of gold, to be forfeited to the Catholic Church should he break his vow. These funds will be returned to Frederick once he arrives at Acre.source
  • July 25 – The Agreement of San Germano is signed between the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Pope Honorius III, with the Emperor Frederick agreeing to lead the Sixth Crusade to recapture Jerusalem and the rest of the Christian Holy Land in the Middle East from the Muslims. In return for the financing and the provision of soldiers by the Catholis Church in Syria, Frederick agrees to launch the Crusade on or before August 15, 1227.source
  • July 27 – Visby Cathedral in Sweden is consecrated.source
  • September 11 – The Republic of Massa is founded in Central Italy with Bernardino del fu Losco as its first podesta appointed by the council of nine lords to serve as executive of the independent state.source
  • The 8-year-old Henry I (the Fat) is crowned as king of Cyprus in the Cathedral of Saint Sophia at Nicosia. His uncle Philip of Ibelin orders the coronation, so that when Henry comes of age at fifteen a regency could not be prolonged on the ground that he is not yet crowned.source

Culture & Society

  • May 25 – At his royal palace in Bergen, King Haakon IV of Norway marries Margaret Skulesdatter, daughter of Haakon's rival for the throne, Skule Bårdsson.source
  • November 9 – Frederick II marries the 14-year-old Queen Yolande, heiress to the kingdom of Jerusalem, and adds the Crusader States to his dominions.source
  • November 29 – The 12-year-old Henry VII, by order of his father Frederick II, marries Margaret of Austria, daughter of Duke Leopold VI the Glorious.source
  • December 31 – Lý Chiêu Hoàng, the only empress regnant in the history of Vietnam, marries Trần Thái Tông, making him the first ruler of the Trần dynasty.source

Births

  • Guigues VII, ruler (dauphin) of Viennois (d. 1269)source
  • Walter Giffard, English Lord Chancellor (d. 1279)source
  • Saionji Kisshi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1292)source
  • Todros ben Joseph Abulafia, Spanish rabbi (d. 1285)source
  • Amato Ronconi, Italian nobleman and monk (d. 1292)source
  • Thomas Aquinas, Italian friar and theologian (d. 1274)source
  • Chabi, Mongol empress and wife of Kublai Khan (d. 1281)source
  • Gaston VII (Froissard), viscount of Béarn (d. 1290)source
  • Guido Guinizelli, Italian poet and writer (d. 1276)source
  • Beatrice of Bohemia, German noblewoman (d. 1290)source
  • Beatrice of Brabant, countess of Flanders (d. 1288)source
  • Fujiwara no Kitsushi, Japanese empress (d. 1292)source
  • David VI Narin (the Clever), king of Georgia (d. 1293)source
  • Sanchia of Provence, queen of Germany (d. 1261)source

Deaths

  • January 3 – Adolf III of Holstein, German nobleman (b. 1160)source
  • February 18 – Hugh Bigod, English nobleman (b. 1182)source
  • March 30 – Gertrude of Dagsburg, French noblewomansource
  • May 6 – John of Fountains, English prelate and bishopsource
  • June 8 – Sabrisho IV, patriarch of the Church of the Eastsource
  • June 21 – Conrad of Krosigk, German prelate and bishopsource
  • July 16 – Ōe no Hiromoto, Japanese nobleman (b. 1148)source
  • August 16 – Hōjō Masako, Japanese noblewoman (b. 1156)source
  • September 17 – William VI, marquis of Montferrat (b. 1173)source
  • September 29 – Arnaud Amalric, French abbot and bishopsource
  • October 5 – Caliph Al-Nasir dies from dysentery at Baghdad after a 45-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Al-Zahir as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.source
  • October 5 – Al-Nasir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1158)source
  • October 28 – Jien, Japanese poet and historian (b. 1155)source
  • November 7 – Engelbert II of Berg, archbishop of Colognesource