Directory

1211 CE

Santiago de Compostela Cathedral (begun in the 11th century) is consecrated, in the presence of King Alfonso IX of León. Shams ud-Din Iltutmish, son-in-law of the former Sultan Qutb al-Din Aibak, becomes ruler of the Delhi Sultanate and quells the Hindu rebellions in India. Papal legate Pandulf Verraccio arrives in Northampton to serve John with his excommunication ordered by Innocent III. For John this is a serious blow to his ability to rule the country.

Conflict & Security

  • June – Shams ud-Din Iltutmish, son-in-law of the former Sultan Qutb al-Din Aibak, becomes ruler of the Delhi Sultanate and quells the Hindu rebellions in India.source
  • October 15 – Battle of the Rhyndacus: Latin emperor Henry of Flanders lands with an expeditionary force (some 3,000 men) at Pegai, and marches eastwards to the Rhyndacus River. The Byzantine army (much larger in force overall) under Theodore I prepare an ambush, but Henry assaults his positions along the river and defeats the Byzantine army in a day-long battle. Henry marches unopposed through the remaining Byzantine lands, reaching south as far as Nymphaion.source
  • Spring – Albigensian Crusade: Crusader forces led by Simon de Montfort conquer Toulouse and besiege Lavaur in southern France. On May 3, the city is retaken; on orders of Montfort the senior knights are hanged and some 400 Cathars are burned alive.source
  • Summer – John, King of England ("Lackland") campaigns in Wales against Llywelyn the Great, prince of Gwynedd. In July, after the Welsh uprising, John and Llywelyn reach an agreement and a peace treaty is signed.source
  • Livonian Crusade: Battles of Viljandi and Turaida – The Crusaders fail to conquer the Viljandi stronghold, but manage to baptize Sakala and Ugandi counties (Southern Estonia).source

Exploration & Expansion

  • John sends a gift of herrings to nunneries in almost every shire, despite his status as an excommunicant.source

Religion & Belief

  • April 21 – Santiago de Compostela Cathedral (begun in the 11th century) is consecrated, in the presence of King Alfonso IX of León.source
  • June – Papal legate Pandulf Verraccio arrives in Northampton to serve John with his excommunication ordered by Innocent III. For John this is a serious blow to his ability to rule the country.source
  • September – The 16-year-old Frederick II is elected in absentia as German king by rebellious nobleman (supported by Pope Innocent III) at the Diet of Nuremberg (Germany).source
  • The Papal Interdict of 1208 laid by Innocent III remains in force after John refuses to accept the pope's appointee.source
  • Archbishop Aubrey (or 'Alberic of Humbert') lays the first stone of the chevet of Reims Cathedral.source

Births

  • January 20 – Agnes of Prague, Bohemian abbess (d. 1282)source
  • April 25 – Frederick II, duke of Austria and Styria (d. 1246)source
  • September 22 – Ibn Khallikan, Barmakid historian (d. 1282)source
  • December 3 – Francesco Lippi, Italian nobleman (d. 1291)source
  • Henry VII, king of Germany (Rex Romanorum) (d. 1242)source
  • Muhammad III, ruler of the Nizari Ismaili State (d. 1255)source
  • Ajall Shams al-Din Omar, Khwarezmian governor (d. 1279)source
  • Eleanor of Portugal, queen consort of Denmark (d. 1231)source
  • Shinnyo, Japanese Buddhist nun and writer (d. 1282)source
  • Hugh Bigod, English nobleman and Justiciar (d. 1266)source
  • Casimir I of Kuyavia, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1267)source
  • John I, Lord of Mecklenburg ("the Theologian"), German nobleman (d. 1264)source
  • Prijezda I, Bosnian nobleman (Ban) and knight (d. 1287)source
  • William of Villehardouin, prince of Achaea (d. 1278)source

Deaths

  • February 2 – Adelaide of Meissen, duchess of Bohemiasource
  • March 14 – Pietro Gallocia (or Galluzzi), Italian cardinalsource
  • March 26 – Sancho I ("the Populator"), king of Portugal (b. 1154)source
  • March 26 – King Sancho I of Portugal ("the Populator") dies after a 25-year reign at Coimbra. He is succeeded by his son Afonso II ("the Fat") as ruler of Portugal. During his reign, he designs the first set of Portuguese written laws.source
  • May 16 – Mieszko IV Tanglefoot, duke of Poland (b. 1130)source
  • June 9 – Andrew II, Baron of Vitré, French nobleman and knight (b. 1150)source
  • June 17 – Kaykhusraw I, ruler of the Sultanate of Rumsource
  • August 9 – William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, Norman noblemansource
  • August 18 – Narapatisithu, ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (Burma) (b. 1150)source
  • October 14 – Ferdinand of Castile, Spanish prince (b. 1189)source
  • November 29 – Páll Jónsson, Icelandic bishop (b. 1155)source
  • December 8 – Adelaide of Poland, Polish princesssource
  • December 14 – Shōshi, Japanese empress (b. 1195)source
  • Samson of Tottington, English monk and abbot (b. 1135)source