Directory

1199 CE

Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shogun, dies at Kamakura after a 7-year reign in which he has established the Kamakura Shogunate (see 1192). He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Minamoto no Yoriie, his grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa proclaims himself regent for Yoriie (until 1202). Richard I besieges the unarmed castle of Châlus-Chabrol, and is shot in the left shoulder with a crossbow, by the French boy Pierre Basile. The war between the kingdoms of England and France has become so brutal, that Hugh of Lincoln is warned that "nothing now is safe, neither the city to dwell in nor the highway for travel". John returns to London and chooses people to help him to rule the kingdom. He appoints Archbishop Hubert Walter as his advisor and chancellor. Geoffrey Fitz Peter is chosen as Chief Justiciar and William (the Marshal) becomes Marshal of John's household. On May 27, John is crowned as king of England at Westminster Abbey.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • Summer – King William the Lion of Scotland supports John's claim to the English throne, in exchange for ownership of the northern territories (including Northumberland and Cumberland).source

Conflict & Security

  • January 13 – A short-lived truce is declared, between the Kings Richard I (the Lionheart) and Philip II (Augustus). Two of Europe's most powerful rulers meet on the banks of the Seine River, while shouting terms to one another. With a peace secured, Richard is able to refocus on bringing internal order to the south of the Angevin Empire.source
  • March 26 – Richard I besieges the unarmed castle of Châlus-Chabrol, and is shot in the left shoulder with a crossbow, by the French boy Pierre Basile. The war between the kingdoms of England and France has become so brutal, that Hugh of Lincoln is warned that "nothing now is safe, neither the city to dwell in nor the highway for travel".source
  • Summer – Philip II renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of John's 12-year-old nephew Arthur I, duke of Brittany.source
  • Summer – After uncovering a plot against him, Emeric, King of Hungary defeats his brother Duke Andrew in a battle, forcing him into exile in Austria. Thereafter, border clashes occurs between Hungary and Austria.source

Religion & Belief

  • May 26 – John returns to London and chooses people to help him to rule the kingdom. He appoints Archbishop Hubert Walter as his advisor and chancellor. Geoffrey Fitz Peter is chosen as Chief Justiciar and William (the Marshal) becomes Marshal of John's household. On May 27, John is crowned as king of England at Westminster Abbey.source
  • Summer – Pope Innocent III calls for a fourth Crusade at Rome. Due to the preaching of Fulk of Neuilly, an army is organized at a tournament held at Ecry-sur-Aisne by Theobald III, count of Champagne, on November 28.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • St. Laurence's Church, Ludlow, in England is rebuilt.source

Births

  • April 17 – Marie of Ponthieu, French noblewoman (d. 1250)source
  • Isobel of Huntingdon, daughter of David of Scotland (d. 1252)source
  • Sturla Sighvatsson, Icelandic chieftain (or goði) (d. 1238)source
  • Al-Mansur al-Hasan, Yemeni imam and politician (d. 1271)source
  • Ibn al-Abbar, Andalusian biographer and historian (d. 1260)source
  • Ferdinand III (the Saint), king of Castile and León (d. 1252)source
  • Joan of Constantinople, Flemish noblewoman (d. 1244)source
  • Thomas II, Flemish nobleman (House of Savoy) (d. 1259)source
  • Jalal al-Din Mangburni, Khwarezmid ruler (shah) (d. 1231)source
  • Bohemond V, prince of Antioch (House of Poitiers) (d. 1252)source
  • Aisha Al-Manoubya, Almohad female Sufi mystic (d. 1267)source
  • Guttorm of Norway (Sigurdsson), king of Norway (d. 1204)source

Deaths

  • January 23 – Caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur dies at Marrakesh after a 15-year reign in which he has defeated the Castilian forces of King Alfonso VIII (the noble) (see 1195) and other Christian enemies in Al-Andalus. He is succeeded by his son Muhammad al-Nasir as ruler of the Almohad Caliphate (until 1213).source
  • February 9 – Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shogun, dies at Kamakura after a 7-year reign in which he has established the Kamakura Shogunate (see 1192). He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Minamoto no Yoriie, his grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa proclaims himself regent for Yoriie (until 1202).source
  • February 9 – Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shogun (b. 1147)source
  • February 13 – Stefan Nemanja, Serbian Grand Prince (b. 1113)source
  • March 17 – Jocelin of Glasgow (or Jocelyn), Scottish bishopsource
  • April 5 – Ashikaga Yoshikane, Japanese samurai and monksource
  • April 6 – Richard I dies from gangrene, caused by his crossbow wound. His younger brother, John (Lackland), becomes King of England. Richard's jewels are left to his nephew, Otto IV, King of the Romans. Mercadier, a mercenary captain and Richard's second in command, has Pierre Basile flayed alive and hanged.source
  • April 6 – Pierre Basile (or Bertran de Gurdun), French knightsource
  • September 4 – Joan of England, queen of Sicily (b. 1165)source
  • November 6 – Hatim ibn Ibrahim, Yemeni religious leadersource
  • November 25 – Albert III (the Rich), count of Habsburgsource
  • December 25 – Helena of Hungary, duchess of Austriasource
  • Michael the Syrian (the Great), Syriac patriarch (b. 1126)source
  • Roman Mstislavich (the Great), Grand Prince of Vladimir-Volhynia, unites his realm with its westerly neighbor Galicia (after the death of Vladimir II). He makes the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia more powerful than Kiev.source