Directory

1125 CE

Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, dies of cancer in Utrecht after leading an expedition against King Louis VI ("the Fat") of France and then against the citizens of Worms. Having no legitimate children, Henry leaves his possessions to his nephew, Frederick II ("the One-Eyed"), duke of Swabia. At the Hoftag diet in Regensburg, Lothair, duke of Saxony, is elected King of Germany and crowned at Aachen on September 13. Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, the vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate, is dismissed and imprisoned by Caliph al-Amir. Jin–Song War: Emperor Taizong of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty declares war on the Chinese Song dynasty – and orders his armies to invade Song territory. He sends the Western army to the city of Taiyuan in Shanxi province and the Eastern army to Bianjing (modern-day Kaifeng), the Song capital. The Song forces are not expecting an invasion and are caught off guard.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • The Republic of Venice pillages the islands of Rhodes, ravages Samos and Lesbos, and occupies Chios (controlled by the Byzantine Empire). The Republic of Florence sacks and conquers the neighboring independent republic of Fiesole in Italy.source

Conflict & Security

  • November – Jin–Song War: Emperor Taizong of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty declares war on the Chinese Song dynasty – and orders his armies to invade Song territory. He sends the Western army to the city of Taiyuan in Shanxi province and the Eastern army to Bianjing (modern-day Kaifeng), the Song capital. The Song forces are not expecting an invasion and are caught off guard.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • King Alfonso the Battler of Aragon and Navarre leads a Castellan raid in Andalusia (Southern Spain).source
  • The first fair in Portugal is created in Ponte de Lima; it is an early sign of commercialization and economic development.source
  • Albert of Aix, German historian and writer, begins his Historia Hierosolymitanae expeditionis (approximate date).source
  • The Khamag Mongol, a Mongolic tribal confederation, begins to play an important role on the Mongolian Plateau. They occupy the fertile lands of the basins of the rivers Onon, Kherlen and Tuul in the Khentii Mountains.source

Religion & Belief

  • October 3 – Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, the vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate, is dismissed and imprisoned by Caliph al-Amir.source
  • Lothair II (supported by Pope Honorius II) asks Frederick II to restore to the crown the estates that he has inherited from Henry V. Frederick refuses, and by year's end a succession dispute breaks out between the House of Welf and the House of Hohenstaufen. The latter is led by Frederick and his brother Conrad III, duke of Franconia.source
  • Saracen pirates raid the city of Antibes in Provence and the Benedictine monastery of Saint Honorat on the Lérins Islands (French Riviera).source

Science & Discovery

  • A collection of Zen Buddhist koans is compiled, in the Chinese Blue Cliff Record.source

Crime & Justice

  • King Inge the Younger of Sweden is murdered in Vreta Abbey at the instigation of Queen Ulvhild Håkansdotter after a 20-year reign. Her cousin Magnus Nielsen ("the Strong") becomes a ruler over Västergötland (until 1134).source

Culture & Society

  • March 29 – Reading School is founded in Berkshire in England.source

Births

  • October 17 – Lu You, Chinese poet and writer (d. 1210)source
  • Bolesław IV (the Curly), duke of Poland (approximate date)source
  • Guigues V, count of Albon and Grenoble (approximate date)source
  • Baldwin of Forde, English archbishop (approximate date)source
  • Fernando Rodríguez de Castro, Spanish nobleman (d. 1185)source
  • Otto II (the Rich), margrave of Meissen (d. 1190)source
  • Abraham ben David, French rabbi (approximate date)source
  • William de Vesci, Norman High Sheriff (d. 1184)source
  • Eystein II (Haraldsson), king of Norway (approximate date)source
  • Giovanni de Surdis Cacciafronte, Italian bishop (d. 1184)source
  • William of Æbelholt, French churchman (d. 1203)source
  • Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani, Persian historian and writer (d. 1201)source
  • Matilda of Savoy, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1157)source
  • Chueang, Thai ruler of the Ngoenyang Kingdom (d. 1192)source

Deaths

  • January 24 – David IV (the Builder), king of Georgia (b. 1073)source
  • April 12 – Vladislaus I, duke of Bohemia (b. 1065)source
  • May 19 – Vladimir II, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1053)source
  • May 23 – Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, dies of cancer in Utrecht after leading an expedition against King Louis VI ("the Fat") of France and then against the citizens of Worms. Having no legitimate children, Henry leaves his possessions to his nephew, Frederick II ("the One-Eyed"), duke of Swabia. At the Hoftag diet in Regensburg, Lothair, duke of Saxony, is elected King of Germany and crowned at Aachen on September 13.source
  • June 22 – Lambert of St-Bertin, French chroniclersource
  • September 14 – Constance, princess of Antioch (b. 1078)source
  • September 27 – Richeza of Berg, duchess of Bohemiasource
  • October 21 – Cosmas of Prague, Bohemian chroniclersource
  • December 3 – Berengar II, German noblemansource
  • December 29 – Agnes I, abbess of Quedlinburgsource
  • Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, vizier of the Fatimid Caliphatesource
  • King Henry I of England arranges a marriage between his nephew Stephen of Blois and the 20-year-old Matilda, daughter and heiress of Eustace III, count of Boulogne. This gives Stephen control of the County of Boulogne and also lands in England that have belonged to Eustace (who dies on his return from the Holy Land).source
  • Bernard of Sédirac, Spanish abbot and archbishopsource
  • Ibn al-Khashshab, Seljuk Shi'i magistrate (qadi)source