Directory

1035 CE

Battle of Cesar (near the village of Cesar, Portugal): The armies of Bermudo III, King of León, defeat the Moorish armies of Abu'l-Qasim, the emir of the Taifa of Seville. King Sancho III of Pamplona dies and divides his dominions among his four sons, García Sánchez III, Gonzalo I, Ferdinand I and Ramiro I. King Cnut the Great dies at Shaftesbury, leaving the rule of England in dispute between his sons Harthacnut and Harold Harefoot. The earls of Northumbria and Mercia support Harold's claim, while Godwin (Earl of Wessex) supports Harthacnut. Harold is elected as regent (or joint ruler) of England. Cnut is buried in the Old Minster, in Winchester.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • Emperor Conrad II ("the Elder") grants the city of Koper (modern Slovenia) town rights, and some degree of self-government, within the Holy Roman Empire.source

Conflict & Security

  • March 23 – Battle of Cesar (near the village of Cesar, Portugal): The armies of Bermudo III, King of León, defeat the Moorish armies of Abu'l-Qasim, the emir of the Taifa of Seville.source
  • Winter – Harthacnut is unable to travel to his coronation in England because his Danish kingdom is under threat of an invasion by King Magnus I of Norway and King Anund Jacob of Sweden.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • Pisa launches a naval assault against Saracen pirate strongholds in the Lipari Islands.source

Culture & Society

  • October 16 – Conrad II grants the right to hold the first Freimarkt festival in Bremen. The city increases her trade with Norway, and the northern Netherlands.source

Births

  • Marbodius of Rennes, French archdeacon (approximate date)source
  • Nathan ben Jehiel, Italian Jewish lexicographer (d. 1106)source
  • Urban II, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)source
  • Isaac Albalia, Andalusian Jewish astronomer (d. 1094)source
  • Robert I, the Frisian, count of Flanders (approximate date)source
  • Hereward the Wake, English nobleman (approximate date)source
  • Dharma Pala, Indian ruler of the Pala dynasty (d. 1060)source
  • Leofwine Godwinson, English nobleman (approximate date)source
  • Richard fitz Gilbert, Norman nobleman (d. c.1090) (approximate date)source
  • Hermann of Salm, German nobleman (approximate date)source
  • Henry of Burgundy, French nobleman (approximate date)source

Deaths

  • April 13 – Herbert I of Maine, French nobleman (approximate date)source
  • May 26 – Berenguer Ramon I, Spanish nobleman (b. 1005)source
  • May 30 – Baldwin IV of Flanders ("the Bearded"), French nobleman (b. 980)source
  • July 3 – Robert I, Duke of Normandy ("the Magnificent"), (b. 1000) (approximate date)source
  • October 18 – Sancho III ("the Great"), king of Pamplonasource
  • October 18 – King Sancho III of Pamplona dies and divides his dominions among his four sons, García Sánchez III, Gonzalo I, Ferdinand I and Ramiro I.source
  • November 4 – Jaromír, duke of Bohemia (Přemyslid dynasty)source
  • November 12 – King Cnut the Great dies at Shaftesbury, leaving the rule of England in dispute between his sons Harthacnut and Harold Harefoot. The earls of Northumbria and Mercia support Harold's claim, while Godwin (Earl of Wessex) supports Harthacnut. Harold is elected as regent (or joint ruler) of England. Cnut is buried in the Old Minster, in Winchester.source
  • November 12 – Cnut, king of Denmark, Norway and Englandsource
  • Estrid of the Obotrites (or Astrid), queen consort of Swedensource
  • Svein Knutsson, king of Norway and son of Cnut the Greatsource
  • Harun, Ghaznavid governor and ruler (shah) of Khwarazm, assassinatedsource
  • c. July 3 – 8-year-old William I becomes duke of Normandy after his father Robert I ("the Magnificent") dies on a pilgrimage at Nicaea (modern Turkey). Robert's death leads to a period of instability in Normandy, as William is too young to take his father's place. The Norman nobles in the region take the opportunity to settle old feuds and to increase their private wealth.source
  • Drogo of Mantes, count of Valois and the Vexin (b. 996)source