Directory

90 BCE

The Lex Iulia grants citizenship to all Italians who did not oppose Rome during the Social War. Social War continues: Pompeius Strabo and Gaius Marius distinguish themselves. The Xiongnu invade the Prefectures of Wuyuan and Jiuquan and kill the commandants of both Prefectures.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • The Lex Iulia grants citizenship to all Italians who did not oppose Rome during the Social War.source
  • The Etruscans are granted Roman citizenship.source
  • Consuls: Lucius Julius Caesar and Publius Rutilius Lupus.source

Conflict & Security

  • Wishing to please the emperor, Li Guangli and his 70,000 men penetrate as far as the Selenga River. A detachment crosses the river and defeats an army of 20,000 under the Xiongnu Left General-in-Chief, who is killed. However, Li Guangli is then defeated by Hulugu Chanyu's army of 50,000 in the Khangai Mountains and surrenders. Li Guangli marries Hulugu's daughter, and Emperor Wu exterminates Li's clan.source
  • Nicomedes IV of Bithynia is defeated in battle by a coalition of Nicomedes' brother Socrates, and Mithridates VI of Pontus. Nicomedes flees to Rome.source
  • Corfinium in south-central Italy is the center of a rebellion against Rome.source
  • Cicero starts to serve in the Roman army.source
  • Social War continues: Pompeius Strabo and Gaius Marius distinguish themselves.source
  • Arshak I becomes king of Caucasian Iberia after overthrowing Farnadjom.source
  • The Xiongnu invade the Prefectures of Wuyuan and Jiuquan and kill the commandants of both Prefectures.source
  • Emperor Wu of Han sends three armies against the Xiongnu under General-in-Chief Li Guangli, Ma Tong and Shang Qiucheng, marching from Wuyuan, Jiuqian and Xihe respectively. An army of Central Asian vassals of Han, under Cheng Mian, captures the king of the vassal state of Jushi, who is suspected of treachery. The Xiongnu General-in-Chief and the former Han general Li Ling fight indecisively against Shang's army.source

Crime & Justice

  • Li Guangli and his in-law Prime Minister Liu Qumao seek to recommend Liu Bo, Li Guangli's nephew, as the new Crown Prince, and while Li Guangli is on campaign, Liu Qumao and his wife are executed and Li Guangli's wife imprisoned, having been charged with cursing the emperor and seeking to replace him with Liu Bo.source

Births

  • Aulus Hirtius, Roman politician and historian (d. 43 BC)source
  • Diodorus Siculus, Greek historian (approximate date)source
  • Pasherienptah III, Egyptian high priest (d. 41 BC)source

Deaths

  • Dionysios Trax, Greek grammarian (b. 170 BC)source
  • Pharnajom, king of Iberia (modern Georgia)source
  • Li Yannian, Chinese musician (executed by Wu of Han)source
  • Antiochus X Eusebes, Seleucid king (approximate date)source