53 BCE
Battle of Carrhae: Romans defeated, and Crassus killed, by Parthians led by General Surena. Crassus sacks the Temple of Hierapolis and the Temple in Jerusalem on his way to engage the Parthians. Julius Caesar suppresses a revolt led by Ambiorix near Sabis (Northern Gaul).
Geopolitics & Diplomacy
- Consuls: Marcus Valerius Messalla and Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus.source
Conflict & Security
- May 6 – Battle of Carrhae: Romans defeated, and Crassus killed, by Parthians led by General Surena.source
- The Parthian Empire achieved a decisive victory against Rome at the Battle of Carrhae, where General Surena defeated and killed Roman triumvir Marcus Licinius Crassus. According to some historical interpretations, the Mahestan (Parthian noble council) supported preparations for the defense of the empire and advised the king during the military mobilization.source
- Vercingetorix, an Arverni chieftain, leads a revolt against Caesar in Central Gaul.source
- Julius Caesar suppresses a revolt led by Ambiorix near Sabis (Northern Gaul).source
- Artavasdes II becomes king of Armenia.source
- Winter – Caesar enrolls non-citizen soldiers in Gallia Transalpina, genesis of Legio V Alaudae. He increases his army to ten legions.source
Crime & Justice
- At Cenabum (modern Orléans) Roman merchants are massacred by the Carnutes.source
Disasters & Accidents
- Crassus sacks the Temple of Hierapolis and the Temple in Jerusalem on his way to engage the Parthians.source