Directory

350 BCE

The Corinthian capital is made in the tholos at Epidaurus. It is now preserved at the Archaeological Museum in Epidaurus, Greece (approximate date). Aristotle argues for a spherical Earth using lunar eclipses and other observations. Also he discusses logical reasoning in Organon. Praxiteles makes the Aphrodite of Knidos (approximate date). A composite of two similar Roman copies after the original marble is now kept at Musei Vaticani, Museo Pio Clementino, Gabinetto delle Maschere in Rome.

Conflict & Security

  • The Gauls, once more threatening Rome, are decisively beaten by an army comprising Rome and its allies.source
  • Philip II has Abdera in Thrace sacked.source
  • Sidon, the centre of the revolt against Persia, seeks help from its sister city of Tyre and from Egypt but gets very little.source
  • Alexander I becomes king of Epirus after his brother-in-law, Philip II of Macedon, aids him in ousting the previous king, Arymbas.source

Science & Discovery

  • Aristotle argues for a spherical Earth using lunar eclipses and other observations. Also he discusses logical reasoning in Organon.source
  • Plato proposes a geocentric model of the universe with the stars rotating on a fixed celestial sphere.source

Crime & Justice

  • Praxiteles makes the Aphrodite of Knidos (approximate date). A composite of two similar Roman copies after the original marble is now kept at Musei Vaticani, Museo Pio Clementino, Gabinetto delle Maschere in Rome.source

Culture & Society

  • The Corinthian capital is made in the tholos at Epidaurus. It is now preserved at the Archaeological Museum in Epidaurus, Greece (approximate date).source
  • The building of the Mausoleum in Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum in Turkey) is completed (approximate date). It is the grave of the Persian satrap and Carian ruler Mausolos and is built under the direction of his wife Artemisia. The mausoleum, which is considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, is today partly preserved at the British Museum in London.source

Births

  • Dicaearchus, Greek philosopher, cartographer, geographer, mathematician and polymath (d. c. 285 BC)source
  • Megasthenes, Greek historian, diplomat and Indian ethnographer (approximate date)source
  • Shen Dao, Chinese philosopher known for his blend of Legalism and Taoism (approximate date) (d. c. 275 BC)source

Deaths

  • Artemisia II, queen of Caria and sister and wife of king Mausolus of Cariasource
  • Tollund Man, human sacrifice victim on the Jutland peninsula in Denmark, possibly the earliest known evidence for worship of the Norse god Odin (approximate date)source
  • Idrieus, the second son of Hecatomnus, succeeds to the throne of Caria on the death of Artemisia II, the widow of his elder brother Mausolus. Shortly after his accession, at the request of the Persian king, Artaxerxes III, Idrieus equips a fleet of 40 triremes and assembles an army of 8,000 mercenary troops and despatches them against Cyprus, under the command of the Athenian general Phocion.source
  • Archytas, Greek philosopher, mathematician and statesman (or 347 BC) (b. 428 BC)source